What is meant by <>?

preposition identifying the agent performing an action. indicating the means of achieving something. "malaria can be controlled by attacking the parasite" indicating the amount or size of a margin. "the shot missed her by miles" indicating a deadline or the end of a particular time period. "I've got to do this report by Monday"синонимы: no later than, in good time for, at, before indicating location of a physical object beside a place or object. "remains were discovered by the roadside"синонимы: next to, beside, next door to, alongside, by/at the side of, abreast of, adjacent to, cheek by jowl with, side by side with, near, close to, hard by, nearest to, neighbouring, adjoining, abutting, bordering, overlooking, connected to, connecting with, contiguous with, attached to indicating the period in which something happens. "this animal always hunts by night" concerning; according to. "anything you do is all right by me"синонимы: according to, with, as far as … is concerned, concerning used in mild oaths. "it was the least he could do, by God"adverb so as to go past. "a car flashed by on the other side of the road"синонимы: past, on, along, beyondnoun variant spelling of bye 1.